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GH-33466: [Go][Parquet] Add support for Dictionary arrays to pqarrow (#34342)



### Rationale for this change
The Parquet package should properly handle dictionary array types to allow consumers to efficiently read/write dictionary encoded arrays for Dictionary encoded parquet files.

### What changes are included in this PR?
Updates and fixes to allow Parquet read/write directly to/from dictionary arrays. Because it requires the `Unique` and `Take` compute functions, the dictionary handling requires go1.18+ just like the compute package does.

Updates the schema to handle dictionary types when storing the arrow schema. This also adds some new methods to the `ColumnWriter` interface and the `BinaryRecordReader` for handling Dictionaries. 

### Are these changes tested?
Yes, unit tests are added in the change.

* Closes: #33466

Lead-authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Will Jones <willjones127@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>