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GH-39377: [C++] IO: Reuse same buffer in CompressedInputStream (#39807)



### Rationale for this change

This patch reuses the same buffer in `CompressedInputStream`. It includes the `decompress_` and `compress_` buffer

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. For `compress_`, allocate and reuse same buffer with `kChunkSize` (64KB), and reusing it
2. For `decompress_`, reusing a same buffer (mostly 1MB) without continues `Reallocate`

In the worst case, `decompress_` might hold a large buffer.

### Are these changes tested?

Already

### Are there any user-facing changes?

`CompressedInputStream` might has larger buffer

* Closes: #39377

Lead-authored-by: mwish <maplewish117@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Co-authored-by: mwish <anmmscs_maple@qq.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>