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GH-38573: [Java][FlightRPC] Try all locations in JDBC driver (#40104)



### Rationale for this change

This brings the JDBC driver up to par with other Flight SQL clients.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Try multiple locations for the Flight SQL driver.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No

* Closes: #38573

Authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>