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GH-15483: [C++] Add a Fixed Shape Tensor canonical ExtensionType (#8510)

> [ARROW-1614](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-1614): In an Arrow table, we would like to add support for a column that has values cells each containing a tensor value, with all tensors having the same dimensions. These would be stored as a binary value, plus some metadata to store type and shape/strides.
* Closes: #15483

Lead-authored-by: Rok Mihevc <rok@mihevc.org>
Co-authored-by: Rok <rok@mihevc.org>
Co-authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Harkins <60872452+benibus@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>