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GH-34484: [Substrait] add an option to disable augmented fields (#41583)

### Rationale for this change

Augmented fields interfere with the schema passing between nodes.  When enabled they cause names/schema mismatching at the end of the plan.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Adds an option to disable augmented fields (defaulting to adding them), connects it everywhere it is called, and disables it in ReadRel conversion.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

There are no API related changes however this will allow Substrait plans that consume local files to work without requiring a project/emit relation after the read relation to remove the unexpected fields.

* GitHub Issue: #34484

Authored-by: David Sisson <EpsilonPrime@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>