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ARROW-18016: [CI] Add sccache to r jobs (#14570)

This is #14390 with reduced scope to make it possible to review. I have added  sccache to all jobs in the `r` group except the conda feedstock jobs: `conda-*-r*` as those pull external images where sccache can't be easily added. I also did not add sccache to the rchk and sanitizer jobs as to not interfere with the results.

Lead-authored-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <jacob@wujciak.de>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>