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GH-37143: [GLib][FlightSQL] Add support for prepared INSERT (#37196)

### Rationale for this change

Prepared INSERT is useful for large INSERT.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Sorry. This is too large I thought.

Core bindings are the followings:

* `GAFLightSQLPreparedStatement`
* `gaflightsql_client_prepare()`

Others are for writing test of them. We need to implement a test server for prepared INSERT. Others are for it.

An exception is `ruby/red-arrow-flight-sql/lib/` change. It's for convenient API for `gaflightsql_client_prepare()`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #37143

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>