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GH-38059: [Python][CI] Upgrade CUDA to 11.2.2 (#38081)

### Rationale for this change

Numba v0.58 requires cuda-toolkit >= v11.2

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Upgrade CUDA from 11.0.3 -> 11.2.2

### Are these changes tested?

Will test in CI

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes
* Closes: #38059

Authored-by: Dane Pitkin <dane@voltrondata.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>