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GH-33820: [CI][Release] Don't libxsimd-dev on Ubuntu 20.04 (#33821)

### Rationale for this change

Ubuntu 20.04 doesn't ship `libxsimd-dev`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Install `libxsimd-dev` only on Ubuntu 22.04 or later.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #33820

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>