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GH-37480: [Python] Bump pandas version that contains regression for pandas issue 50127 (#37481)

### Rationale for this change

The pandas issue is now marked for v2.1.1 release.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Bump the pandas version when skipping relevant pytests.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, CI will verify.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* Closes: #37480

Authored-by: Dane Pitkin <dane@voltrondata.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>