arrow

ARROW-15061: [C++] Add logging for kernel functions and exec plan nodes

Adds spans and events for exec plan and exec nodes.

I use the following setup to debug traces:

`docker-compose.yml`:
```yml
version: "2"
services:

  jaeger-all-in-one:
    image: jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest
    ports:
      - "16686:16686"
      - "14268"
      - "14250"

  otel-collector:
    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib-dev:latest
    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml"]
    volumes:
      - ./otel-collector-config.yaml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml
      - ./output:/var/output
    ports:
      - "8888:8888"   # Prometheus metrics exposed by the collector
      - "8889:8889"   # Prometheus exporter metrics
      - "4317"        # OTLP gRPC receiver
      - "4318:4318"   # OTLP HTTP receiver
    depends_on:
      - jaeger-all-in-one

  prometheus:
    container_name: prometheus
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yaml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
```

`otel-collector-config.yaml`:
```yml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: "0.0.0.0:4318"
        cors:
          allowed_origins:
            - "*"

processors:
  batch:

exporters:
  logging:
  jaeger:
    endpoint: jaeger-all-in-one:14250
    tls:
      insecure: true
  prometheus:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:8889
  parquet:
    path: /var/output/log.parquet

service:
  pipelines:
    traces:
      receivers:
        - otlp
      processors:
        - batch
      exporters:
        - logging
        - jaeger
        - parquet
    metrics:
      receivers:
        - otlp
      processors:
        - batch
      exporters:
        - logging
        - prometheus
        - parquet
```

`prometheus.yaml`:
```yml
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "otel-collector"
    scrape_interval: 10s
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["otel-collector:8889"]
      - targets: ["otel-collector:8888"]
```

Start the services and then use the instructions from https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/11906.

Closes #12100 from mbrobbel/arrow-15061

Lead-authored-by: Matthijs Brobbel <m1brobbel@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>