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ARROW-13784: [Python] Table.from_arrays should raise an error when array is empty but names is not

We already check that the list of arrays and list of names should have the same length in `table.pxi`.
For a special case when a list of arrays is of length 0 but length of list of names is greater than 0 the check fails.
I changed the ordering of checks in `table.pxi` and added a test to `test_table.py`.

Closes #11457 from AlenkaF/ARROW-13784

Authored-by: Alenka Frim <frim.alenka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>