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GH-38316: [C#] Implement interval types (#39043)

### What changes are included in this PR?

Changes required to support the three interval types in the C# implementation.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Adds new classes for interval support.
* Closes: #38316
* Closes: #29431

Lead-authored-by: Curt Hagenlocher <curt@hagenlocher.org>
Co-authored-by: Platob <nfillot.pro@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Curt Hagenlocher <curt@hagenlocher.org>