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GH-35344: [C++][Format] Implementation of the LIST_VIEW and LARGE_LIST_VIEW array formats (#35345)

### Rationale for this change

Mailing list discussion: https://lists.apache.org/thread/r28rw5n39jwtvn08oljl09d4q2c1ysvb

### What changes are included in this PR?

Initial implementation of the new format in C++.

### Are these changes tested?

Unit tests being written on every commit adding new functionality. More needs to be implemented for Integration Tests (required) to be implementable.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

A new array format. It should have no impact for users that don't use it.
* Closes: #35344

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>