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GH-35162: [Go] Float16 arithmetic (#35163)



### Rationale for this change

### What changes are included in this PR?

### Are these changes tested?
Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?
Yes
* Closes: #35162

Authored-by: izveigor <izveigor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>