arrow

ARROW-17377: [C++][Docs] Adds tutorial for basic Arrow, file access, compute, and datasets (#13859)

I intend for this PR to add a few small tutorial articles to the Arrow documentation, for basic Arrow usage, file access, compute, and dataset functionality. 

Right now, this is a draft PR, with just the code for the examples. Before I set it up with comments and prose in Sphinx, I wanted to get it reviewed. Do these examples seem suitable for the tutorials they target?

Authored-by: kaesuarez <kaesuarez1423@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>