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ARROW-17868: [C++][Python] Restore the ARROW_PYTHON CMake option (#14273)

Restore it but it's marked as a deprecated option. Because the Python component in Apache Arrow C++ was moved to PyArrow by ARROW-16340. It' removed in a feature release.

Users should use CMake presets instead of ARROW_PYTHON but CMake presets requires CMake 3.19 or later.

Lead-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>