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GH-36577: [Dev][C#] Use `version-update:semver-major` for some packages (#36578)

### Rationale for this change

We want to consciously upgrade major versions for `Microsoft.Bcl.*`, `Microsoft.Extensions.*` and `System.*`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use `version-update:semver-major` for them.

### Are these changes tested?

No. I want to test this on main.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #36577

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Erhardt <eric.erhardt@microsoft.com>