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GH-43440: [R] Unable to filter a factor column with %in% (#43446)

### Rationale for this change

Fixes #43440

### What changes are included in this PR?

The binding for `%in%` sends the DictionaryType's `value_type` to
`cast_or_parse()`. It's possible that it would be better to handle this
in `cast_or_parse()`, but it is used in lots of places and I wasn't sure
that was correct everywhere. We could certainly find out, but that's a
bigger testing exercise than I wanted to take on this afternoon.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

The bug is fixed.
* GitHub Issue: #43440