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GH-44206: [CI][macOS] Drop support for macOS 12 (#44212)

### Rationale for this change

Homebrew dropped support for macOS 12 (Monterey): https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/pull/18314

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use macOS 13 instead of macOS 12 as much as possible.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* GitHub Issue: #44206

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>