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GH-44528: [Dev] Introduce a new feature: specific language reformatting (#44529)



### Rationale for this change

This change implements GH-44528.

`pre-commit run --color=always --all-files c-glib-cpp-format`

Languages:  
* C++ (`cpp-format`)
* c_glib(`c-glib-cpp-format`)
* MATLAB(`matlab-cpp-format`)
* Python (`python-cpp-format`)
* R(`r-cpp-format`)

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add aliases to the `clang-format` in the pre-commit configuration file.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: #44528

Authored-by: Hiroyuki Sato <hiroysato@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>