arrow

GH-40695 [C++] Expand Substrait type support (#40696)

### Rationale for this change

See #40695 

### What changes are included in this PR?

This PR does a few things:

 * Substrait is upgraded to the latest version
 * Support is added for the parameterized timestamp type (but not literals due to https://github.com/substrait-io/substrait/issues/611).
 * Support is added for the following arrow-specific types:
   * fp16
   * date_millis
   * time_seconds
   * time_millis
   * time_nanos
   * large_string
   * large_binary

When adding support for the new timestamp types I also relaxed the restrictions on the time zone column.  Substrait puts time zone information in the function and not the type.  In other words, to print the "America/New York" value of a column of instants one would do something like `to_char(my_timestamp, "America/New York")` instead of `to_char(cast(my_timestamp, timestamp("nanos", "America/New York")`.

However, the current implementation makes it impossible to produce or consume a plan with `to_char(my_timestamp, "America/New York")` because it would reject the type because it has a non-UTC time zone.  With this latest change, we treat any non-empty timezone as a timezone_tz type.

In addition, I have enabled conversions from "encoded types" to their unencoded representation.  E.g. a type of `DICTIONARY<INT32>` will convert to `INT32`.  At a logical expression / plan perspective these encodings are irrelevant.  If anything, they may belong in a more physical plan representation.  Should a need for them arise we can dig into it more later.  However, I believe it is better to err on the side of generating "something" rather than failing in these cases.  I don't consider this last change critical and can back it out if need be.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, I added new unit tests

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, via the Substrait conversion.  These changes should be backwards compatible in that they only add functionality in places that previously reported "Not Supported".
* GitHub Issue: #40695

Lead-authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>