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MINOR: [Go] update `modernc.org/sqlite@v1.18.2` (#34261)



### Rationale for this change

There is a potential vulnerability in a downstream dependency of `modernc.org/sqlite@ v.1.18.1` which is resolved in `v1.18.2`. The vulnerability is in `github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3`: https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-GOLANG-GITHUBCOMMATTNGOSQLITE3-3121037

This vulnerability is preventing https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake/pull/698 from being merged.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update `modernc.org/sqlite` by one patch version.

### Are these changes tested?

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Authored-by: Judah Rand <17158624+judahrand@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>