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GH-15239: [C++][Parquet] Parquet writer writes decimal as int32/64 (#15244)

As the parquet [specs](https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal) states, DECIMAL can be used to annotate the following types:
- int32: for 1 <= precision <= 9
- int64: for 1 <= precision <= 18; precision < 10 will produce a warning
- fixed_len_byte_array: precision is limited by the array size. Length n can store <= floor(log_10(2^(8*n - 1) - 1)) base-10 digits
- binary: precision is not limited, but is required. The minimum number of bytes to store the unscaled value should be used.

The aim of this patch is to provide a writer option to use int32 to annotate decimal when 1 <= precision <= 9 and int64 when 10 <= precision <= 18.
* Closes: #15239

Authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Jones <willjones127@gmail.com>