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ARROW-18118: [Release][Dev] Fix problems in 02-source.sh/03-binary-submit.sh for 10.0.0-rc0 (#14468)

SOURCE_PR in dev/release/02-source.sh didn't work because it refers undefined variable (`rc_number` is referred not `rc`). This change includes the following changes including the fix of the undefined variable problem:

- Fix wrong variable use. (Variable name is also changed to adjust other variable names: `release_candidate` -> `rc`)
- The ARROW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN environment variable is used for GitHub Personal Access Token but the CROSSBOW_GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable is used in others. So this also uses CROSSBOW_GITHUB_TOKEN. (Documentation is also updated. This change also includes unrelated minor updates. Sorry.)

dev/release/03-binary-submit.sh didn't work because:

- It refers undefined variable (`release_candidate_branch`).
- `archery crossbow report-pr` searches only `base=master` pull requests. (A verify pull request uses `base=maint-X.Y.Z`.)

This change fixes them. This change also adds `--no-fetch` to `archery crossbow latest-prefix` like other command lines to reduce execution time.

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>