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GH-34404: [Python] Failing tests because pandas.Index can now store all numeric dtypes (not only 64bit versions) (#34498)

### Rationale for this change
Several failing tests in the nightly build (https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/4277727973/jobs/7446784501) 

### What changes are included in this PR?
Due to change in supported dtypes for Index in pandas, the tests expecting `int64`and not `int32` are failing with dev version of pandas. The failing tests are updated to match the new pandas behaviour.
* Closes: #34404

Authored-by: Alenka Frim <frim.alenka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>