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ARROW-14355: [C++] Create naive implementation of algorithm to estimate table/batch buffer size

This estimates the combined size (in bytes) of all buffers referenced by various containers.  This will be needed for tracing and profiling the query engine.  For example, we may want to report how much data is passing through a given exec node over time.

Closes #11441 from westonpace/feature/ARROW-14355--naive-estimate-buffer-size

Authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>