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ARROW-7346: [CI] Explicit usage of ccache across the builds

- ccache configuration is centralised in the docker-compose.yml
- stricter build directory paths
- java jni tests were not running, since the vendoring of flatbuffers there was a hidden linking error

Closes #5982 from kszucs/explicit_use_ccache and squashes the following commits:

90fcd0c05 <Krisztián Szűcs> Sort env definitions alphabetically
30a64dbb5 <Krisztián Szűcs> Lint CMake
d76282bde <Krisztián Szűcs> enable plasma java client; fix flatbuffers link error because it is bundled now
b6d47db8c <Krisztián Szűcs> Fix PLASMA_STORE binary path
c4648afa4 <Krisztián Szűcs> Explicit ccache; centralized config in docker-compose

Authored-by: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>