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ARROW-17853: [Python][CI] Timeout in test_dataset.py::test_write_dataset_s3_put_only (#14257)

This reintroduces the dataset writer change with a fix that should prevent the deadlock.  The python test was unique in that the "create directory" step failed.  My change had made the files writers wait on this step and, if it failed, they were not being properly notified.

Authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>