arrow

GH-29887: [C++] Implement dictionary array sorting (#35280)



### Rationale for this change

Sorting for `DictionaryArray`s is not currently supported.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Adds support for dictionaries in the `array_sort_indices` kernel
- Adds tests and benchmarks
- Alters the internal `ArraySortFunc` definition to return an error status and accept the caller's `ExecContext` as an argument

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes

### Notes

This picks up where https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13334 left off. Those commits have been squashed and included in this PR.
* Closes: #29887

Lead-authored-by: benibus <bpharks@gmx.com>
Co-authored-by: Ariana Villegas <ariana.villegas@utec.edu.pe>
Co-authored-by: Ben Harkins <60872452+benibus@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>