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GH-40551: [Release][Docs] Improve documentation for patch Release process (#40552)

### Rationale for this change

Improve our current documentation on process to follow for identifying issues for patch releases and how to ask for a patch release.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Documentation

### Are these changes tested?

I will run preview-docs

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #40551

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>