arrow

GH-36363: [MATLAB] Create proxy classes for the DataType class hierarchy (#36419)



### Rationale for this change

In the original pull request in which we added the MATLAB `arrow.type.<Type>Type` classes (e.g. `arrow.type.Float32Type`), we did implement these classes as proxies. At the time, we weren't sure if it would be advantageous to implement the type classes as proxies, but now realize it will be for composite data structures, i.e. `Schema`, `StructArray`, `ListArray`. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. All classes within the `arrow.type.Type` class hierarchy are implemented as proxies. 

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, we had existing tests for these classes. 

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

### Future Directions

1. In a followup PR request, we plan on integrating the proxy type classes and the array classes so that they share the same underlying C++` arrow::DataType` object. We thought doing so in this change would be too much code churn.

### Notes

Thank you @ kevingurney for the help!

* Closes: #36363

Lead-authored-by: Sarah Gilmore <sgilmore@mathworks.com>
Co-authored-by: sgilmore10 <74676073+sgilmore10@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>