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GH-37242: [Python][Parquet] Parquet Support write and validate Page CRC (#38360)

### Rationale for this change

The C++ Parquet API already supports enabling CRC checksum for read and write operations.

CRC checksum are optional and can detect data corruption due to, for example, file storage issues or [cosmic rays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_error).

It would then be beneficial to expose this optional functionality to the Python API too.

This PR is based on a previous PR which became stale: #37439

### What changes are included in this PR?

The PyArrow interface is expanded to include a `page_checksum_enabled` flag.

### Are these changes tested?

[ ] NOT YET!

### Are there any user-facing changes?

The change is backward compatible. An additional, optional keyword argument is added to some interfaces.

Closes #37242
Supersedes #37439
* Closes: #37242

Lead-authored-by: Francesco Zardi <frazar0@hotmail.it>
Co-authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: mwish <maplewish117@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alenka Frim <AlenkaF@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: AlenkaF <frim.alenka@gmail.com>