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GH-40888: [Go][FlightRPC] support conversion from array.Duration in FlightSQL driver (#40889)



### Rationale for this change

To enable the use of the flightsql driver's implementation of golang sql interfaces.

### What changes are included in this PR?

A new switch branch for handling `array.Duration`.

### Are these changes tested?

I manually tested and didn't add new unit tests because none of the other types handled in the same switch block are unit tested.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Just a more complete set of types handled by the sql driver.

* GitHub Issue: #40888

Authored-by: wayne warren <wayne.warren.s@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>