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GH-37730: [C#] throw OverflowException in DecimalUtility if fractionalPart is too large (#37731)



### Rationale for this change

In BigQuery, the BIGNUMERIC supports very large precision and scale values, which causes an error in the DecimalUtility due to the `fractionalPart` of the value being larger than .NET's maximum decimal value. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. Throws an OverflowException with the entire original value
2. Changes the original OverflowException to also include the original value (which can be parsed as a string by downstream drivers). 

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, tests are added for this scenario.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

* Closes: #37730

Lead-authored-by: David Coe <coedavid@umich.edu>
Co-authored-by: davidhcoe <13318837+davidhcoe@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>