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GH-45293: [CI] Install patch command to base conda.dockerfile required in case of bundled ORC (#45294)

### Rationale for this change

Patch command is required for bundled ORC.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Adding patch to the based conda image.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes via CI

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No

* GitHub Issue: #45293

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>