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GH-36128: [C++][Compute] Allow multiplication between duration and all integer types (#36231)



### Rationale for this change

Currently durations can only be multiplied with int64, but no other integer types.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Allow duration types to be multiplied with any integer type.
1. For `multiply`, new kernels are added to support the new types.
2. For `multiply_checked`, integers will be casted to int64. We can't add new kernels because the MultiplyChecked op class requires both operands to have the same type.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #36128

Authored-by: Jin Shang <shangjin1997@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>