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GH-44985: [C++] Use recommended downloads URLs for ORC and Thrift (#44977)

### Rationale for this change

https://archive.apache.org/ is not suitable as the download primary location for CI builds, as it has strict rate limits and can cause download timeouts if the limit is reached.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use the [recommended download addresses](https://infra.apache.org/release-download-pages.html#download-page) and fall back on the ASF CDN.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, by CI.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: #44985

Authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>