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GH-39233: [Compute] Add some duration kernels (#39358)



### Rationale for this change

Add kernels for durations.
### What changes are included in this PR?

In this PR I added the ones that require only registration and unit tests. More complicated ones will be in another PR for readability.
 

### Are these changes tested?
Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No.

* Closes: #39233

Authored-by: Jin Shang <shangjin1997@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>