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ARROW-8458: [C++] Prefer the original mirrors for the bundled thirdparty dependencies

Also need to run the crossbow packaging tasks.

The recommended apache endpoint is documented [here](https://infra.apache.org/release-download-pages.html#closer).

Closes #6937 from kszucs/3rdparty_urls

Authored-by: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>