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ARROW-9126: [C++] Fix building trimmed Boost bundle on Windows

On Linux, the configuration step of Boost allows selecting a subset of the libraries being built using the `--with-libraries=` flag. However, this flag does not exist in the configure script on Windows, so the bundle building step is actually building all Boost libraries, including those being trimmed:
```
Component configuration:

 - atomic : building
 - chrono : building
 - container : building
 - date_time : building
 - exception : building
 - filesystem : building
 - headers : building
 - iostreams : building
 - locale : building
 - log : building
 - mpi : building
 - program_options : building
 - python : building
 - random : building
 - regex : building
 - serialization : building
 - system : building
 - test : building
 - thread : building
 - timer : building
 - wave : building
```

To select only the necessary libraries on Windows, we can provide the `--with-<library>` flag to `./b2`. Doing so helped me pass the boost building step but the thrift building step failed. This time, it was due to the header file `typeof/incr_registration_group.hpp` missing in Boost (this file is only required on Windows but not on Linux); thus, added that header file to the `trim-boost.sh` script.

I verified that this can now build on both Windows and Linux with the commands:
```
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DARROW_PARQUET=ON
cmake --build .
```

On Linux:
```
Component configuration:

    - atomic                   : not building
    - chrono                   : not building
    - container                : not building
    - date_time                : not building
    - exception                : not building
    - filesystem               : building
    - headers                  : not building
    - iostreams                : not building
    - locale                   : not building
    - log                      : not building
    - mpi                      : not building
    - program_options          : not building
    - python                   : not building
    - random                   : not building
    - regex                    : building
    - serialization            : not building
    - system                   : building
    - test                     : not building
    - thread                   : not building
    - timer                    : not building
    - wave                     : not building
```

On Windows:
```
Component configuration:

    - atomic                   : not building
    - chrono                   : not building
    - container                : not building
    - date_time                : not building
    - exception                : not building
    - filesystem               : building
    - headers                  : not building
    - iostreams                : not building
    - locale                   : not building
    - log                      : not building
    - mpi                      : not building
    - program_options          : not building
    - python                   : not building
    - random                   : not building
    - regex                    : building
    - serialization            : not building
    - system                   : building
    - test                     : not building
    - thread                   : not building
    - timer                    : not building
    - wave                     : not building
```

Closes #7430 from ctring/master

Lead-authored-by: Cuong Nguyen <ctring23@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>