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GH-44421: [Python] Add configuration for building & testing free-threaded wheels on Windows (#44804)



### Rationale for this change

There's no blockers anymore for building Windows wheels for the free-threaded build, so this PR adds the necessary configuration to do that.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Add jobs to build free-threaded wheels on Windows
- Move VCPKG-related stuff to a reusable base job 

### Are these changes tested?

No tests required.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: #44421

Lead-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Lysandros Nikolaou <lisandrosnik@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>