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GH-40668: [Ruby][CI] Require GLib 2.58 or later for timezone (#40669)

### Rationale for this change

GLib 2.58 or later is required for `TimestampDataType`'s timezone support.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Check GLib version.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* GitHub Issue: #40668

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>