arrow

GH-37262: [MATLAB] Add an abstract class called `arrow.type.TimeType` (#37279)



### Rationale for this change

To reduce code duplication within `Time32Type` and `Time64Type`, we should add an abstract class called `arrow.type.TimeType` that implements  the getter method for the `TimeUnit` property. This class hierarchy will mirror the class hierarchy in the C++ arrow implementation.

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. Defined a new C++ proxy class for called `arrow::matlab::type::proxy::TimeType`. This class defines a `getTimeUnit` method.
2. Modified the C++ proxy class `Time32Type` to inherit from `arrow::matlab::type::proxy::TimeType`. Removed the `getTimeUnit` method from this class because it's now defined on `TimeType`.
3. Added a new MATLAB class called `arrow.type.TimeType`. It has one method: `get.TimeUnit`.
4. Modified `arrow.type.Time32Type` to inherit from `arrow.type.TimeType` and removed its `get.TimeUnit` method.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, the existing tests cover these changes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

### Future Directions

1. #37232
2. #37229
3. #37230   
* Closes: #37262

Authored-by: Sarah Gilmore <sgilmore@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>