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GH-40113 [Go][Parquet] New RegisterCodec function (#40114)

This is to allow addition/overwrite of custom codec implementation

This allows other modules to provide alternative implementations for the compression algorithms, such as using libdeflate for Gzip, or CGO version of ZSTD.

In addition, it allows others to supply codecs that cannot be easily supported by this library such as LZO due to license reasons or LZ4.

### Rationale for this change

See #40113

### What changes are included in this PR?

A new RegisterCodec function added 

### Are these changes tested?

yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

It's an addition more targeted towards library writers. 

* Closes: #40113

Authored-by: Yan Zhou <zhouyan@me.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>