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GH-35765: [C++] Split vector_selection.cc into more compilation units (#35751)

### Rationale for this change

When working on #35001 I had a hard time figuring where to place the code for all possible combinations of filters and REE data. `vector_selection.cc` is hard to follow with so many kernels implemented in a single file. This PR splits the two biggest ones: filter and take. Stuff that can be shared by both stays is in `vector_selection_internal.cc` and `vector_selection.cc` is concerned with the registering of the functions and a few smaller kernels.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- [x]  `vector_selection_(internal|take|filter).(cc|h)` source files were extracted from `vector_selection.cc`

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, by existing tests.

* Closes: #35765

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>