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GH-33804: [Python] Add support for manylinux_2_28 wheel (#34818)

Closes #33804 

### Rationale for this change

At some point, it would be useful to support the new C++ ABI `_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1` in pyarrow wheels, especially when moving to C++17:

- https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/32415

I wanted to create a pyarrow wheel that supported the above ABI and adapted the existing CENTOS 7 manylinux2014 Dockerfile/wheel to produce a AlmaLinux 8 manylinux_2_28 Dockerfile/wheel.

Publishing wheels with a new ABI needs [careful consideration](https://pypackaging-native.github.io/key-issues/native-dependencies/cpp_deps/) so I think this is low priority, but I thought I'd provide this manylinux_2_28 implementation in case it was useful for current/future adoption. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

A manylinux_2_28 Dockerfile, adopted from the existing manylinux2014 Dockerfile

### Are these changes tested?

Manually tested at present

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, there's a major ABI change, as pyarrow will be compiled with `_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1`
* Closes: #33804

Supercedes:
* https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/33805
* Closes: #33804

Lead-authored-by: Simon Perkins <simon.perkins@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>