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GH-36129: [Python] Consolidate common APIs in Table and RecordBatch (#36130)

### Rationale for this change

Deduplicate python code in subclasses. The following functions are moved to the shared parent class:
```
__init__
__len__
column_names
from_pylist
from_pydict
itercolumns
to_pylist
to_pydict
```
### What changes are included in this PR?

Refactoring and minor test updates.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* Closes: #36129

Authored-by: Dane Pitkin <dane@voltrondata.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>