arrow

GH-36407: [C++] Add arrow::ipc::Listener::OnSchemaDecoded(schema, filtered_schema) (#36533)

### Rationale for this change

The current `arrow::ipc::Listener::OnSchemaDecoded()` receives only the original schema. But we have filtered schema in decode phase. Filtered schema is useful for some cases. So we should pass the filtered schema too.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This adds `arrow::ipc::Listener::OnSchemaDecoded(schema, filtered_schema)`. The default implementation of it just calls `OnSchemaDecoded(schema)` to keep backward compatibility.

This also adds `arrow::ipc::CollectListener::filtered_schema()`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #36407

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>