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GH-40952: [Java][FlightSQL] Clean up flight-sql-jdbc-driver dependencies (#40953)

### Rationale for this change

Module `flight-sql-jdbc-driver` declares multiple dependencies, some (joda) are not used anymore (but still packaged).

### What changes are included in this PR?

Clean up list of dependencies declared in flight-sql-jdbc-driver modules as all of them are transitive dependencies from flight-sql-jdbc-core.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes: build + existing shading test

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #40952

Authored-by: Laurent Goujon <laurent@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>